Friday 5 May 2023
Exothermic Reaction
Making a big bang using an old paint tin and some icing sugar. Just managed to catch the lid coming off in mid-flight as the icing sugar met the flame. Fun demo Everyone had a go and lots of slo-mo videos captured.
Thursday 4 May 2023
Pasco Drop Counter
Wednesday 3 May 2023
Ways of doing the same experiment - Measuring the Speed of Sound
I may do an experiment one way, but the exam papers may show the investigation another way. Getting the students to do the same experiments differently and compare all the results to find the most accurate. Round robins work well. #ScientificMethod
a) Set up a long cylindrical tube vertically with a movable piston at the top. b) Adjust the position of the piston to create a resonant sound wave inside the tube. c) Measure the distance between the piston and the water level in the tube and the frequency of the sound produced.
Time of Flight Experiment:
a) Stand at one end of a long hallway or corridor and have another person stand at the opposite end. b) Use a stopwatch to measure the time it takes for a sharp sound, such as a clap or a pop, to travel from one end to the other.
c) Measure the distance between the two positions. d) Divide the distance by the time to obtain the average speed of sound.
Kundt's Tube Experiment:
a) Set up a transparent tube filled with fine talcum powder with a loudspeaker at one end. b) Generate a continuous sound wave using the loudspeaker.
c) Observe the formation of patterns or nodes in the powder as the sound wave travels through the tube. d) Measure the distance between consecutive nodes and calculate the wavelength.
e) Use the formula v = f * λ to determine the speed of sound, where v is the speed of sound, f is the frequency, and λ is the wavelength.
Getting the calculators ready for exams
Tuesday 2 May 2023
MBPBC: Making a Mixing Bowl Ping-pong Ball Cyclotron
MBPBC: Mixing Bowl Ping-pong Ball Cyclotron 🌀 A mini LHC for your tabletop experiments! #SMBPBC #TabletopCyclotron #PhysicsFun
A different type of cyclotron
To create a Mixing Bowl Ping-pong Ball Cyclotron (MBPBC), follow these steps:
Materials:
- A large, smooth mixing bowl
- Ping-pong balls
- Hairdryer or leaf blower
- Optional: food colouring and water
Preparation:
- Place the mixing bowl on a flat surface.
- Optional: Add a thin layer of coloured water to the bowl's bottom to visualize the motion better.
Building the MBPBC:
- Position the hairdryer or leaf blower with its nozzle pointing at a tangent to the bowl's inner surface near the rim.
- Turn on the device at its lowest setting and gradually increase the speed until you see the desired circular motion.
- Drop a ping-pong ball into the bowl, and observe how it accelerates around its inner surface, mimicking a cyclotron's particle acceleration.
- Adjust the airspeed to maintain a stable circular motion of the ping-pong ball.
Experiment:
- Try adding multiple balls, adjusting the airspeed, or tilting the bowl slightly to observe how these changes affect the motion.
Enjoy your homemade MBPBC! Remember, this is a simplified model for fun & educational purposes and doesn't replicate the exact functioning of a real cyclotron. #DIYPhysics #MBPBC #CyclotronFun
Centre of Mass
Monday 1 May 2023
Exploring the central dogma
Understanding how protein synthesis works from DNA through translation into mRNA to transcription into proteins using models to translate ATC into UAG into Isoleucine.
Understanding Protein Synthesis: From DNA to Proteins through Transcription and Translation
Protein synthesis is a complex, multi-step process that involves the conversion of genetic information stored in DNA into functional proteins. This process occurs through two main stages: transcription and translation. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of protein synthesis, it is crucial to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying these stages, as well as the role of models in translating nucleotide sequences into amino acids.
- DNA: The Genetic Blueprint
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material present in the nucleus of cells, responsible for carrying the information required for an organism's development, functioning, and reproduction. DNA consists of a double helix structure composed of four nucleotide bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The specific sequence of these bases constitutes the genetic code, which provides the blueprint for protein synthesis.
- Transcription: From DNA to mRNA
The first step of protein synthesis is transcription, a process that converts the genetic information in DNA into a complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. During transcription, an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of the DNA, called the promoter, and unwinds the double helix. The RNA polymerase then synthesizes an mRNA molecule by matching the DNA's nucleotide bases with their corresponding RNA bases: adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U), thymine (T) pairs with adenine (A), cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C).
- Translation: From mRNA to Proteins
The second step of protein synthesis is translation, which occurs in cellular structures called ribosomes. During translation, the mRNA molecule is read in groups of three nucleotides, called codons, each corresponding to a specific amino acid. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, carrying their respective amino acids, recognize and bind to these codons through their complementary anticodon sequences. The ribosome then facilitates the formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids, creating a polypeptide chain. Once the entire mRNA molecule has been translated, the completed protein is released.
- Decoding the Genetic Code: Translating ATC into UAG and Isoleucine
To better understand the translation process, it can be helpful to use models that illustrate the conversion of DNA sequences into amino acids. For example, consider the DNA sequence ATC. During transcription, this sequence would be converted into the mRNA codon UAG. However, it is essential to note that there was a mistake in the original statement, as UAG is a stop codon, which signals the end of the translation. The correct mRNA codon corresponding to the DNA sequence ATC is actually AUC, which codes for the amino acid isoleucine.
In conclusion, protein synthesis is a fascinating and intricate process that involves the conversion of the genetic information stored in DNA into functional proteins through transcription and translation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these stages and the role of models in translating nucleotide sequences into amino acids can help provide a clearer picture of this essential biological process.
Fun with Electrostatics
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Negative feedback is a difficult concept to try and get over so I tried using a balance board and the @pascoscientific smart cart strapped...
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Getting a classic set of results for the titration of NaOH and HCl is not that difficult but it is nice when we can get students to this ...
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Mechanics: the grand meeting of Maths & Physics! Using strobe light & a ball drop for gravity-acceleration calculations and SUVAT fo...