Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden were two of the pioneers in the field of atomic physics. Their work on the scattering of alpha particles by a thin gold foil, which was conducted in 1909 under the supervision of physicist Ernest Rutherford, played a crucial role in the development of the modern theory of the structure of the atom.
Geiger and Marsden's experiment involved shooting a beam of alpha particles (positively charged particles consisting of two protons and two neutrons) at a thin gold foil. They expected the alpha particles to pass straight through the foil, but to their surprise, some of the particles were scattered at large angles. This result indicated that there must be a dense, positively charged nucleus at the centre of the atom, surrounded by electrons.
Lord Ernest Rutherford used these results to develop his famous model of the atom, in which the nucleus is depicted as a small, dense, positively charged core surrounded by a cloud of electrons. This model, which is now known as the Rutherford Nuclear model, was a major advancement in our understanding of the structure of matter and laid the foundation for much of the research in atomic physics that has taken place since.
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